Hortatory Exposition

Akhirnya, tiba juga kita ke materi yang terakhir :D #yeyeyeye. Ada yg tau gk apa materinya ?? Hmmm, aku kasih kisi2nya deh .. Termasuk jenis text dan hampir mirip sama Analytical Exposition . Dan tulisan belakangnya juga ada expositionnya ... Ada yg sudah tau gk ??? aaaa

Ya udh deh, dripda bengong gk jelas gitu , aku kasih jawabannya deh... tetengtereng ... Materi yg akan kita bahas adalah Hortatory Exposition. 

Bagi yg belum tau Hortatory Exposition itu apa , aku kasih penjelasan dikit deh , 

Seperti halnya Analytical Exposition, Hortatory Exposition adalah types of English text yang tergolong ke dalam kelas Argumentation. Hortatory Exposition adalah sebuah jenis text Bahasa Inggris yang mana menghadirkan usaha penulis mempengaruhi pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu atau bertidak dalam hal tertentu. Dalam text Hortatory Exposition, penulis mencatumkan beberapa arguments atau pendapat mengenai hal tertentu untuk memperkuat ide pokok atau main idea dari teks tersebut. 

Lebih jelasnya ,, baca yang di bawah ini yaa, cekidot ... :D

Hortatory Exposition 

Purpose:

To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done.

• Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
• To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation.
• Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc.
• Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people.

Generic Structure:

1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given arguments

Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition

Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition?

In simple word. Analytical is the answer of “How is/will” while hortatory is the answer of “How should”. Analytical exposition will be best to describe “How will student do for his examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the question” How should student do for his exam?” will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done.

The examples of Hortatory Exposition:

Internet for students

 Nowadays, in modern era, I think internet is very important for students.

As we all know internet has many function for supporting our life. They are, first, it gives us various information, news, knowledge etc. Students can search anything or something from internet. Take for example, they search about education, entertainment, knowledge etc that is in the world.

Second, they can add their friends in all countries in the world by internet. Chatting, e-mail, facebook, twitter, interpals are some examples of internet facility to have many friends. Besides, they can share, communicate, discuss and so on.

From my arguments above, as student, we should use internet facility well to get knowledge, friends, information etc.

_________________________

Watching TV

Thesis:

 Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course it is. Television can expose your children to things that you have tried to protect them from, especially violence, drug abuse, etc.

 Argument 1:

 One study demonstrated that watching too much TV during the day or at bedtime often causes bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay and anxiety around sleep, followed by shortened sleep duration.

 Argument 2:

 Another study found a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the like hood of subsequent aggressive acts against others.

 Argument 3:

Meanwhile, many studies have found an association between kids watching a lot of TV, being inactive and overweight.

Recommendation:

Considering some facts above, protect your children with some following tips:

1. Limit television viewing to 1-2 hours eaach day.
2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms.
3. Review the ratings of TV shows that your children watch.
4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening during the show.

  References : 

http://www.englishindo.com/2012/03/hortatory-exposition-penjelasan-contoh.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/teks-hortatory-exposition.html

http://excellenttwo.blogspot.com/2012/06/contoh-text-hortatory-exposition.html

http://www.sekolahoke.com/2011/11/what-is-hortatory-exposition-text.html

http://nurinuryani.wordpress.com/functional-texts/kumpulan-tugas/analytical-exposition/

Weather Reports and Tables/Graphs

WEATHER REPORTS AND

TABLES/GRAPHS

        1.     WEATHER REPORTS

Definition : Weather Report or weather forecast is a prediction of weather, often for a specific locality, in a newspaper, on the radio or television. The weather is predicted through application of principles of physics and mateorogy.

Function:

•       To protect life and property.

•        Temperature and precipitation, it is important for agriculture,

•        For commodities traders in the stock market.

•        Climate forecasts are used by utility companies   to estimate demand over coming days.

•        To decide what to wear on a given day

•        To plan activities,

•        To plan ahead and survive.

Example of Weather Reports

Good morning. This is Andrea Giselle with weather report. It will be rainy this morning in almost all parts of town, followed by slight showers. However, the showers will not last for long time. By early afternoon it it ill be synny until late afternoon, followed by heavy rain in the evening in to the night. Thank you.

        2.     TABLES

Definition : The table is a summary of a list of data that informs the form of numbers, arranged by applying, in sequence down certain paths and rows using the row delimiter.

Function

•       Describes a fact or information in brief, clear, and more interesting than words.

•       To compare the amount of data.

How to read table?

•       Observe first title.

•       Observe the columns in the table.

•       Find the striking difference in the data is either the lowest or the highest average, count if necessary.

        3.     GRAPHS

Definition :Graph is a painting or a tidal rise and fall of a state represented by a line or drawing the ups and downs of a data.

Function

•       Enables delivery of complex information more easily.

•       Can provide a snapshot of information in a clear, simple, interesting, and effective.

•       To compare the amount of data.

How to read ?

•       Observe the chart title first.

•       Observe the right lane and the left or down with respect to the number.

•       Find the striking difference in the data.

•       Pull conclusions from the data and describe

There are three basic kinds of graphs:

1)       Circle graph.

2)       Bar graph.

3)       Line graph.

1.       Circle Graph

Definition :

A circle graph is a graph in the form of a circle that is divided into sectors, with each sector representing a part of a set of data.

Example : 

 

One of Senior High School in Palangka Raya, made a vote about student’s favorite music. Students who like Rap music about 35%. Classical music 10%. Country music 12%. Alternative 15%. And the last for students who like Rock and Roll music about 28%.

2.       Bar Graph

Definition :

Bar graphs are an excellent way to show results that are one time, that aren't continuous - especially samplings such as surveys, inventories, etc.

Example : 

One of senior high school in Palangka Raya, made a vote about student’s favorite juices. And for the most favorite juice is Yellow Juice it’s about 10 students. And Orange juice about 8 students. Red juice about  2 students. Purple juice 6 students.

3.       Line Graph

Definition :

        A graph that uses points connected by lines to show how something changes in value (as time goes by, or as something else happens).

Example :

One of senior high school in Palangka Raya, on 1999 has 130 students participants in Science Fair. On 2000 has 170 students. On 2001 has 100 students. On 2002 has 120 students. And on 2003 has 150 students.

• Example of dialogue picture :

• References :

http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/howto/graph.html

http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/graphs/construct_circle.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xhtml2-20020805/mod-tables.html

Soo, too, either, neither, etc.

SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER

        1.      Definition of the Words ‘So’ and ‘Too’

·         The words ‘so’ and ‘too’ are used to combine two positive statements with identical predicates to form a compound sentences.

·         The predicate is not repeated completely in the second part of the compound sentence.

       2.      Patterns of the Words ‘So’ and ‘Too’

·         Subject 1 + to be/verb + object/complement + and + so + auxiliary + subject 2

·         Subject 1 + to be/verb + object/complement + and + subject 2 + auxiliary + too

     - Example of picture ‘So’ and ‘Too’ :

1. 'So'

2. 'Too"

                            

      3.      Definition of the Words ‘Either’ and ‘Neither’

·         The words ‘either’ and ‘neither’ are used to combine two negative statements with identical predicates to form a compound sentence.

·         The predicate is not repeated completely in the second part of the compound sentence.

      4.      Patterns of the Words ‘Either’ and ‘Neither’

·         Subject 1 + to be + not + verb + object + and + subject 2 + auxiliary + not + either

·         Subject 1 + to be + not + verb + object + and + neither + auxiliary + subject 2

    - Example of picture ‘Either’ and ‘Neither’ :

1. ' Either'

2. ' Neither'

• References :

•http://www.5minuteenglish.com/mar4.htm

•http://smpngetos1.blogspot.com/2012/06/penggunaan-kata-too-so-either-dan.html

•http://dittaundip.blogspot.com/2012/02/belajar-bahasa-inggris.html

•http://www.grammar.cl/Notes/So_Neither_Either.htm

•http://english-comm.blogspot.com/2010/09/difficult-words-also-too-so-either.html

•http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=8034

•http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/dai/level-b/basic-grammar-too-either-and-so-am-i-neither-do-i-etc/

•http://englishice.blogspot.com/2010/03/grammar-no-7-tooeither-soneither.html

Definite and Indefinite Pronoun

There are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:

anybody	anyone
anything	everybody
everyone	everything
nobody	none
no one	nothing
somebody	someone
something

Example:
Anything is possible if you believe.

The second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These pronouns are:

All	another
Any	both
Each	either
Few	many
Neither	one
Some	several

Examples:
Many are planning to attend the party. (In this case the identity of the group that is going to the party would have already been mentioned.)
Would you like to try some of these cookies? (The word cookies makes it clear what some is referring to.)
Not to confuse you but keep in mind the pronouns in this group can function as adjectives if nouns directly follow them.

More Examples:
Many classmates are planning to attend the party.
I checked out some books from the library.

Singular and Plural Indefinite Pronouns
As mentioned previously indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural and the verb has to match in number.  

Below is the list of singular indefinite pronouns.

Another	Anybody
Anyone	Anything
Each	Either
Everybody	Everyone
Everything	Neither
Nobody	No one
Nothing	One
Somebody	Something
Someone

Examples:
There are three groups of participants, and each has its own requirements.
Someone special is about to arrive.

The following are plural indefinite pronouns:
Both
Few
Many
Several

Examples:
Few of the projects were good enough to go to the science fair.
Several of the documents were filled with errors.


Some indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural. It all depends on the noun it stands for. These pronouns include all, any, either, none, some, more, most. The rule states that when these pronouns are followed by a prepositional phrase, the pronoun must agree in number with the object of the preposition. The verb in the sentence must agree in number with the antecedent. Sound confusing? Here are two examples:
Most of the work is finished.
Most of the books are out of date.
In this case work requires a singular verb and books requires a plural verb.


                            Examples of Indefinite Pronouns

Would you like to see more examples? Here you go:
Does anybody have the time?
All are welcome to our house for Thanksgiving.
Tim doesn’t have any.
Michael passed his card to another.
Each brought a dessert to share.
Anyone can see what’s going on here.
Alice couldn’t hear anything at the concert.
Everything is going as planned
Everyone clapped when the movie ended.
Many missed the bus.
No one admitted to knocking over the base.
One could see the tornado forming from miles away.
Several turned out for the concert.
Somebody rang the doorbell.
Holly gave her ticket to someone.